--- /dev/null
+---
+title: "ox-hugo"
+author: ["Ken Grimes"]
+date: 2018-04-04T18:29:00-07:00
+tags: ["org", "emacs", "hugo", "markdown"]
+categories: ["blogging"]
+draft: false
+caption: "Exporting to Hugo's Blackfriday Markdown from Orgmode"
+header: "/img/emacs-logo.png"
+---
+
+{{< figure src="/img/ox-hugo.png" class="center" >}}
+
+ox-hugo is an [Emacs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs) package providing a Hugo backend for the [org-mode](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/org-mode)
+exporter. Today I integrated its expectations about file structure into the
+Speedy theme for this blog, allowing me to keep all blog contents in a single
+org-mode file which exports content to [markdown](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/markdown) format for Hugo's excellent
+[blackfriday markdown parser](https://github.com/russross/blackfriday) (a markdown format with added features useful for
+blogs). Hugo does support limited parsing of org files internally, but the org
+file format is only a piece of what org-mode is all about. A full org
+integration is beyond the scope of most external tools, so org-mode is generally
+best used as an exporter. As an Emacs user, this allows me to instantly capture
+interesting information I come across and publish it within seconds.
+
+Now I have no excuse!
+
+
+# Using ox-hugo {#using-ox-hugo}
+
+This is where I will explain how to use ox-hugo
+
+Blackfriday Markdown: Syntax
+================
+
+<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
+ <li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
+ <li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+ * [Overview](#overview)
+ * [Philosophy](#philosophy)
+ * [Inline HTML](#html)
+ * [Automatic Escaping for Special Characters](#autoescape)
+ * [Block Elements](#block)
+ * [Paragraphs and Line Breaks](#p)
+ * [Headers](#header)
+ * [Blockquotes](#blockquote)
+ * [Lists](#list)
+ * [Code Blocks](#precode)
+ * [Horizontal Rules](#hr)
+ * [Span Elements](#span)
+ * [Links](#link)
+ * [Emphasis](#em)
+ * [Code](#code)
+ * [Images](#img)
+ * [Miscellaneous](#misc)
+ * [Backslash Escapes](#backslash)
+ * [Automatic Links](#autolink)
+
+
+**Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you
+can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL][src].
+
+ [src]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/russross/blackfriday/master/testdata/Markdown%20Documentation%20-%20Syntax.text
+
+ * * *
+
+<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
+
+<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
+
+Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.
+
+Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
+document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
+like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
+Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
+filters -- including [Setext] [1], [atx] [2], [Textile] [3], [reStructuredText] [4],
+[Grutatext] [5], and [EtText] [6] -- the single biggest source of
+inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email.
+
+ [1]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html
+ [2]: http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/
+ [3]: http://textism.com/tools/textile/
+ [4]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
+ [5]: http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html
+ [6]: http://ettext.taint.org/doc/
+
+To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
+characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
+as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
+look like \*emphasis\*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
+blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you've ever
+used email.
+
+
+
+<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
+
+Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
+format for *writing* for the web.
+
+Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
+syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
+HTML tags. The idea is *not* to create a syntax that makes it easier
+to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
+insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
+edit prose. HTML is a *publishing* format; Markdown is a *writing*
+format. Thus, Markdown's formatting syntax only addresses issues that
+can be conveyed in plain text.
+
+For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you simply
+use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it to
+indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
+the tags.
+
+The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. `<div>`,
+`<table>`, `<pre>`, `<p>`, etc. -- must be separated from surrounding
+content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
+not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
+to add extra (unwanted) `<p>` tags around HTML block-level tags.
+
+For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:
+
+ This is a regular paragraph.
+
+ <table>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Foo</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ This is another regular paragraph.
+
+Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
+HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style `*emphasis*` inside an
+HTML block.
+
+Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. `<span>`, `<cite>`, or `<del>` -- can be
+used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
+want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
+you'd prefer to use HTML `<a>` or `<img>` tags instead of Markdown's
+link or image syntax, go right ahead.
+
+Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax *is* processed within
+span-level tags.
+
+
+<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
+
+In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: `<`
+and `&`. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
+used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
+characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. `<`, and
+`&`.
+
+Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
+write about 'AT&T', you need to write '`AT&T`'. You even need to
+escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:
+
+ http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird
+
+you need to encode the URL as:
+
+ http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird
+
+in your anchor tag `href` attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
+forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
+errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.
+
+Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
+all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
+an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
+into `&`.
+
+So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:
+
+ ©
+
+and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:
+
+ AT&T
+
+Markdown will translate it to:
+
+ AT&T
+
+Similarly, because Markdown supports [inline HTML](#html), if you use
+angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
+such. But if you write:
+
+ 4 < 5
+
+Markdown will translate it to:
+
+ 4 < 5
+
+However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
+ampersands are *always* encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
+Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
+terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single `<`
+and `&` in your example code needs to be escaped.)
+
+
+ * * *
+
+
+<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
+
+
+<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
+
+A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
+by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
+blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
+blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.
+
+The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is
+that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs
+significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
+Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break
+character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag.
+
+When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you
+end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.
+
+Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a `<br />`, but a simplistic
+"every line break is a `<br />`" rule wouldn't work for Markdown.
+Markdown's email-style [blockquoting][bq] and multi-paragraph [list items][l]
+work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.
+
+ [bq]: #blockquote
+ [l]: #list
+
+
+
+<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
+
+Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2].
+
+Setext-style headers are "underlined" using equal signs (for first-level
+headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:
+
+ This is an H1
+ =============
+
+ This is an H2
+ -------------
+
+Any number of underlining `=`'s or `-`'s will work.
+
+Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
+corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:
+
+ # This is an H1
+
+ ## This is an H2
+
+ ###### This is an H6
+
+Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely
+cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
+closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
+used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
+determines the header level.) :
+
+ # This is an H1 #
+
+ ## This is an H2 ##
+
+ ### This is an H3 ######
+
+
+<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
+
+Markdown uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're
+familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
+know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
+wrap the text and put a `>` before every line:
+
+ > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
+ > consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
+ > Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+ >
+ > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
+ > id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first
+line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:
+
+ > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
+ consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
+ Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+
+ > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
+ id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
+adding additional levels of `>`:
+
+ > This is the first level of quoting.
+ >
+ > > This is nested blockquote.
+ >
+ > Back to the first level.
+
+Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
+and code blocks:
+
+ > ## This is a header.
+ >
+ > 1. This is the first list item.
+ > 2. This is the second list item.
+ >
+ > Here's some example code:
+ >
+ > return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
+
+Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
+example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
+Quote Level from the Text menu.
+
+
+<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
+
+Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.
+
+Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
+-- as list markers:
+
+ * Red
+ * Green
+ * Blue
+
+is equivalent to:
+
+ + Red
+ + Green
+ + Blue
+
+and:
+
+ - Red
+ - Green
+ - Blue
+
+Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:
+
+ 1. Bird
+ 2. McHale
+ 3. Parish
+
+It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
+list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
+Markdown produces from the above list is:
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>Bird</li>
+ <li>McHale</li>
+ <li>Parish</li>
+ </ol>
+
+If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:
+
+ 1. Bird
+ 1. McHale
+ 1. Parish
+
+or even:
+
+ 3. Bird
+ 1. McHale
+ 8. Parish
+
+you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
+you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
+the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
+But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.
+
+If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
+list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
+starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.
+
+List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
+up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
+or a tab.
+
+To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:
+
+ * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+ Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
+ viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+ * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
+ Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:
+
+ * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+ Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
+ viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
+ * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
+ Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
+items in `<p>` tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:
+
+ * Bird
+ * Magic
+
+will turn into:
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>Bird</li>
+ <li>Magic</li>
+ </ul>
+
+But this:
+
+ * Bird
+
+ * Magic
+
+will turn into:
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><p>Bird</p></li>
+ <li><p>Magic</p></li>
+ </ul>
+
+List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
+paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
+or one tab:
+
+ 1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
+ sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
+ mi posuere lectus.
+
+ Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
+ vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
+ sit amet velit.
+
+ 2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
+
+It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
+paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
+lazy:
+
+ * This is a list item with two paragraphs.
+
+ This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
+ only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
+ sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
+
+ * Another item in the same list.
+
+To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>`
+delimiters need to be indented:
+
+ * A list item with a blockquote:
+
+ > This is a blockquote
+ > inside a list item.
+
+To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
+to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs:
+
+ * A list item with a code block:
+
+ <code goes here>
+
+
+It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list by
+accident, by writing something like this:
+
+ 1986. What a great season.
+
+In other words, a *number-period-space* sequence at the beginning of a
+line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:
+
+ 1986\. What a great season.
+
+
+
+<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
+
+Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
+markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
+of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
+in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags.
+
+To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
+block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:
+
+ This is a normal paragraph:
+
+ This is a code block.
+
+Markdown will generate:
+
+ <p>This is a normal paragraph:</p>
+
+ <pre><code>This is a code block.
+ </code></pre>
+
+One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each
+line of the code block. For example, this:
+
+ Here is an example of AppleScript:
+
+ tell application "Foo"
+ beep
+ end tell
+
+will turn into:
+
+ <p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>
+
+ <pre><code>tell application "Foo"
+ beep
+ end tell
+ </code></pre>
+
+A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
+(or the end of the article).
+
+Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`)
+are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
+easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
+it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
+ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:
+
+ <div class="footer">
+ © 2004 Foo Corporation
+ </div>
+
+will turn into:
+
+ <pre><code><div class="footer">
+ &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
+ </div>
+ </code></pre>
+
+Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
+asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
+it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.
+
+
+
+<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
+
+You can produce a horizontal rule tag (`<hr />`) by placing three or
+more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you
+wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the
+following lines will produce a horizontal rule:
+
+ * * *
+
+ ***
+
+ *****
+
+ - - -
+
+ ---------------------------------------
+
+ _ _ _
+
+
+ * * *
+
+<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
+
+<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
+
+Markdown supports two style of links: *inline* and *reference*.
+
+In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].
+
+To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
+after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
+put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional*
+title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:
+
+ This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
+
+ [This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
+
+Will produce:
+
+ <p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title">
+ an example</a> inline link.</p>
+
+ <p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no
+ title attribute.</p>
+
+If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
+use relative paths:
+
+ See my [About](/about/) page for details.
+
+Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
+which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:
+
+ This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
+
+You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:
+
+ This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
+
+Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
+on a line by itself:
+
+ [id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"
+
+That is:
+
+ * Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
+ indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);
+ * followed by a colon;
+ * followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);
+ * followed by the URL for the link;
+ * optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
+ in double or single quotes.
+
+The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:
+
+ [id]: <http://example.com/> "Optional Title Here"
+
+You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
+or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:
+
+ [id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
+ "Optional Title Here"
+
+Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
+processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.
+
+Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation -- but they are *not* case sensitive. E.g. these two links:
+
+ [link text][a]
+ [link text][A]
+
+are equivalent.
+
+The *implicit link name* shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
+link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
+Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word
+"Google" to the google.com web site, you could simply write:
+
+ [Google][]
+
+And then define the link:
+
+ [Google]: http://google.com/
+
+Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
+multiple words in the link text:
+
+ Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
+
+And then define the link:
+
+ [Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
+
+Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
+tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they're
+used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
+document, sort of like footnotes.
+
+Here's an example of reference links in action:
+
+ I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
+ [Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
+
+ [1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
+ [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
+ [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
+
+Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:
+
+ I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
+ [Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
+
+ [google]: http://google.com/ "Google"
+ [yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
+ [msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
+
+Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:
+
+ <p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
+ title="Google">Google</a> than from
+ <a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a>
+ or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
+
+For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
+Markdown's inline link style:
+
+ I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")
+ than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
+ [MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
+
+The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
+write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
+source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
+reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
+long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
+it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup than there
+is text.
+
+With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much more
+closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
+allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
+you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
+prose.
+
+
+<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
+
+Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of
+emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an
+HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML
+`<strong>` tag. E.g., this input:
+
+ *single asterisks*
+
+ _single underscores_
+
+ **double asterisks**
+
+ __double underscores__
+
+will produce:
+
+ <em>single asterisks</em>
+
+ <em>single underscores</em>
+
+ <strong>double asterisks</strong>
+
+ <strong>double underscores</strong>
+
+You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
+the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.
+
+Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:
+
+ un*fucking*believable
+
+But if you surround an `*` or `_` with spaces, it'll be treated as a
+literal asterisk or underscore.
+
+To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
+would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
+escape it:
+
+ \*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
+
+
+
+<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
+
+To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``).
+Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
+normal paragraph. For example:
+
+ Use the `printf()` function.
+
+will produce:
+
+ <p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p>
+
+To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use
+multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:
+
+ ``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
+
+which will produce this:
+
+ <p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p>
+
+The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces --
+one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place
+literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:
+
+ A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
+
+ A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
+
+will produce:
+
+ <p>A single backtick in a code span: <code>`</code></p>
+
+ <p>A backtick-delimited string in a code span: <code>`foo`</code></p>
+
+With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
+entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
+tags. Markdown will turn this:
+
+ Please don't use any `<blink>` tags.
+
+into:
+
+ <p>Please don't use any <code><blink></code> tags.</p>
+
+You can write this:
+
+ `—` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `—`.
+
+to produce:
+
+ <p><code>&#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded
+ equivalent of <code>&mdash;</code>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
+
+Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a "natural" syntax for
+placing images into a plain text document format.
+
+Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
+for links, allowing for two styles: *inline* and *reference*.
+
+Inline image syntax looks like this:
+
+ 
+
+ 
+
+That is:
+
+ * An exclamation mark: `!`;
+ * followed by a set of square brackets, containing the `alt`
+ attribute text for the image;
+ * followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
+ the image, and an optional `title` attribute enclosed in double
+ or single quotes.
+
+Reference-style image syntax looks like this:
+
+ ![Alt text][id]
+
+Where "id" is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
+are defined using syntax identical to link references:
+
+ [id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"
+
+As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
+dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
+use regular HTML `<img>` tags.
+
+
+ * * *
+
+
+<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
+
+<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
+
+Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating "automatic" links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:
+
+ <http://example.com/>
+
+Markdown will turn this into:
+
+ <a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>
+
+Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
+Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
+entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
+spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:
+
+ <address@example.com>
+
+into something like this:
+
+ <a href="mailto:addre
+ ss@example.co
+ m">address@exa
+ mple.com</a>
+
+which will render in a browser as a clickable link to "address@example.com".
+
+(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
+most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all of
+them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this way
+will probably eventually start receiving spam.)
+
+
+
+<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
+
+Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
+characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
+formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
+literal asterisks (instead of an HTML `<em>` tag), you can backslashes
+before the asterisks, like this:
+
+ \*literal asterisks\*
+
+Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:
+
+ \ backslash
+ ` backtick
+ * asterisk
+ _ underscore
+ {} curly braces
+ [] square brackets
+ () parentheses
+ # hash mark
+ + plus sign
+ - minus sign (hyphen)
+ . dot
+ ! exclamation mark
projects / kengrimes.com / content.git / commitdiff
